Single Crystal Sapphire Facts
The angular relationship between the inherent optical axis of the crystal and the required part is known as orientation. Zero Degree or C-Axis, C-Plane windows and lenses are most common when crystalline orientation is specified. Each orientation has specific gains in specialized areas of use. When no particular crystal axis is defined, random orientation sapphire usually will suffice and can be more cost effective.
Typical choices for part orientation are:
- Zero Degree: The direction of view is parallel to the optical axis of the crystal – Most common to avoid birefringence.
- 90 Degree: The direction of view is perpendicular to the optical axis of the crystal
- C-Axis: Like Zero Degree In a rod, the direction along its length. In a window, the direction perpendicular to the face
- M-Plane: The plane containing the optic axis (C) and inclined 30 degrees to the A-axis
- A-Plane: Like 90 Degree The plane that is perpendicular to the A-axis, containing the C-axis
- R-Plane: A plane inclined 57.5667 degrees to the optic axis and in the same zone as the M-plane
- Random: There is no specified relationship between the part and the crystalline orientation. The part is manufactured without concern about orientation
Grades of Sapphire Material:
At Guild Optical Associates, we specialize in the production of high-quality synthetic sapphire, catering to a diverse range of applications. We understand that the purity and perfection of our sapphire are paramount for optimal performance, which is why we offer distinct grades tailored to specific needs.
- Grade 1 (Optical Grade): This is our highest quality sapphire, meticulously grown and processed to minimize imperfections. Grade 1 sapphire exhibits exceptional optical transmission, minimal scattering, and virtually no inclusions or bubbles. It is ideal for demanding applications such as laser optics, high-precision optical windows, and semiconductor wafer fabrication.
- Grade 2 (High-Quality Optical): Offering excellent optical clarity, Grade 2 sapphire maintains high transmission with very low levels of inclusions. It’s a cost-effective solution for applications requiring superior optical performance, such as advanced optical components and scientific instrumentation.
- Grade 3 (Standard Optical): Grade 3 sapphire provides reliable optical performance for a wider range of applications. While it may exhibit slightly more inclusions or imperfections than Grade 1 and 2, it still maintains excellent clarity and transmission. This grade is often chosen for general optical windows, LED substrates, and various industrial applications.
- Mechanical Grade (Industrial): Designed for applications where optical clarity is secondary to mechanical strength and durability, our mechanical grade sapphire offers exceptional hardness and wear resistance. It’s ideal for use in watch crystals, bearings, and other demanding mechanical environments. While it may contain more inclusions and imperfections than optical grades, it retains the inherent strength and durability of sapphire.